Horizontal+Circulation

**__Horizontal Circulation__** 

It determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure.
 * What is it that the design of horizontal circulation determines? **

1. An Adequate Size with broad and direct circulation. 2. The circulation must work in any direction. 3. The points of convergence must be expressed, especially on facilities with spaces of rapid access. 4. The changes of levels must be expressed. Architects should create transitions between levels, and the circulation must have a final focal point, so the way will lead to a situation of climax. What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns? **
 * What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture?**
 * 

**Pennsylvania Station** in New York, USA.

**<span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">Centre ****<span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">Tsentrosoyuz **<span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;"> in Moscow, Russia. <span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">

**<span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">Palais de Justice **<span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;"> in Paris, France. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">

<span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;"> <span style="color: #77c408; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 10pt; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastlanguage: ES-VE;">Because it establishes a relationship between the parts of the building and the whole building, and also establishes a relationship between the circulation itself and the general form and structure.
 * <span style="color: #77c408; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any urban plan or architectural design? **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">